![]() rocking the aircraft’s wings if the aircraft is in flight.Acknowledgement from the aircraft:ĭuring daylight hours, controller signals are acknowledged by: The meanings of the signals are printed on the side of the light gun for reference. Note that this is not an ICAO standard and is therefore not universally adopted. In the USA, another signal is used - alternating red and green pulses meaning "Exercise extreme caution". The controller uses a trigger to transmit either a series of pulses or a continuous stream of light and may choose the colour of the beam (red, green or white). The light gun is a relatively large (but still handheld) projector which is aimed at the aircraft. The controller uses a light gun or a flare gun to send the messages. Nowadays visual signals are still used at aerodrome control towers as a backup in case of radio failure. Unlike CPDLC which can be used in a wide variety of situations, the visual signals are limited to a few safety-critical messages. ![]() Visual signals have been used for communication by pilots and air traffic controllers since the early days of aviation when radio was not widespread and the equipment was unreliable. CPDLC has become an alternative in recent years though it is only intended to be used in situations that are not time-critical. Most communication between pilots and controllers is done by voice.
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